n in The histories, including more talking 'ts of The tale, again for" for ", "romance" was three of The journey to The west ", "romance", "romance", "female fairy sui language jin ping mei", "j" histories jin ping mei. "yard, he 'ts" who: Jin ping mei "And" lust for each Yan, close states, musicians; It runs in the blood. Scholars yue calligraphy, Yan my woe to please the wish it in nanjing, could not QiSu better to bits, ministers, wanli. Between the name for how to such heavy, regrettable, special life.that, -. HongHan jin ping mei weeks for "author 's understanding" does not - to come from the scholar' s view expressed the pleasure of shizhen, where for doubt author identity. He then Lee him self encounter jun (its encounter jun (1801, shape upsLee him self - 1867), by swept into all dreams, and the "sleepwalking allover - we talk of yan, it, the accompanying text age-related envoys of the YanHang record.") "sleepwalking" we talk about is the article is a please his first novel, such as "who am NaZheng Korea record", "'re clouds dream ", "spirit here commend him YiLu," "jade dream", vocalist, and novel stupidest data-collected would sites as follows: Chinese novels, more than ZhengYangMen to see outside copies with frame, and poured TaiBan deposition is ZaShui well officer. Cover YingJu JiangNaXi shu lift son attends Beijing, see the road is down, leave not also, after families, as novel in print publication, sell, so its capital is born. One says that the writing, all four, whileshape ups shoes the shy naih-an gold sigh for review, thought the rest of the world in the book without added. Eosinophilic count by history, covered in secco providers, denounced the absurd absurd not through text, life has more than those without an also do. However, the more the meaning to view the author, the deep and far wounds, a yue "language JinBing mei", it is said that the rich west door celebrate, storage in a room, concubine knowingly banter, yue do huan gold yue screen yue mei the female, jealous dandle guess beauty, each in 13 provinces square language, since phase play slowly, is it also does its a lift. Lee record in the south is his own directly to go to Beijing to see ZhengYangMen ZhengYangMen outside liu lichang (note: it is the inner cSkechersity south of Beijing, the yuan dynasty, MingZhengTong years front beautiful ZhengYangMen, now renamed as the outside door. The front door of Beijing is liu lichang bookstore street.) Experience, and according to their own views of the society for novel analysis of causes and background, and then introduce four writing. He is writing to the four evaluation of comparative affirmation, but said the writing for the four shy naih-an place judges, jin sheng-tan presented his, it is not enough to accurate, this is only the original novel just, does not represent four writing all. In his writing, introduces below the four sequence and we generally are arranged differently, a yue "jin ping mei", two yue outlaws ", three yue ", the three four yue "joskechers shape ups

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h of scattered people otherwise after the chase sequence ", finally has "south China ShanRen, pursued in the zone library book with hall. DuanYang jiaqing fourteen years, has already ShiQuan after master, chase book, in the edification of fang sba" words. It is worth noting, JuanShou south in the preface to scatter in this novel and directly biography and the orioles warbler make the comparative analysis "jin ping mei" said: Today this fold flower said that our friend li mou's memoir. XiangKao an article will, then with western yuan meet warbler niang, just phase as if. Its yue: "issue 2 jn, three will be four encounter, unexpectedly mo can hence", its yue: "the media" since warbler also, and the matchmaker, holding a safe suggestion might.shape ups And with "jin ping mei" in the Simon Penn niang, too, is similar. Its yue: "three difficult, difficult and also difficult," yue: "the bronze," pelosi said of silver with WangPoZhi mouth arguing specimens. Odd zai! 1000 years under, under which, if near said. One who has overcome the how the pain of my friend, taking rejects luan also can help yi, mei and taken the absence of the injured, and captains of unusualness WuNai today, not harm the people, far too ancient people "? Predictably, the author must have had received "jin ping mei" and the influence of novel beauties. The author ShiQuan master and evaluation practiced the scattered people seem south of Chinese novels, even for traditional quite fond of jin shengtan way, has certain undeshape ups shoesrstanding or experience. The author in the beginning of the first time he said: RenZi years, LiShengZhe, residence, born in cap hole, JunYa prose style force, quite solution, and wit one generation. ... There is a beautiful woman in party called shun mei, seventeen, yan don't ZaoShi and 1000 state without owe, cosmetics beam and body not born every hundred flatters, its narrow waist peach buccal lips if really, the supernatural applogized ravens xiuse. This and typical beauties the plot of the novel arrangements are very similar, but the author and arrange the pair respectively wit and beauty is a man of male and female, of a man is not as the novel beauties of single men and women love with love story, in south China scattered in the prefaskechers shape upsce to the "jin ping mei" mentioned in the west door celebrate and the lotus of pan gold, etc. That is similar to lingering plot The author in this novel and use many poems, especially in South Korea Chinese fiction writer identity wrote "yinian red", "guizhi sweet", "man ting fang" etc, is commendable. Ci Six, China the denial of the novel in South Korea's research situation As for China, the paper studies the denial of novel mannagemant as follows: China, and "jin ping mei" denial of novel the introduction, in the 20th century ago almost no, only if some simple introduced above mentioned. To the Japanese occupation, although began to formal introduction to Chinese fiction or translation serial, but still not to "jin ping mei" or "meat", etSkechers

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is detailed with other Chinese scholars, and contacts in the experience of abroad Chinese language classes, "autumn in Beijing is apart of 20 years by a trip to Beijing, with" endemic "summarized study in Beijing period for memory. These articles around a certain feature and thorough experience studying reflects that, very vivid readable, is the "diary of jaipur recorded learn extended, concise for modern academic exchanges also provides a rich data. Appendix "learning memories: dr CangShiWu koga around the symposium", is his life, including the academic career reviewed the content of study in China also occupied large proportion of from this, we can get more academic angled the enlightenment. 【 abstract 】 Based on the comparison of the libshape upsrary of congress, the library of TianYiGe and Oriental based judgement on the library of congress MingKe this "hidden two town iii, history" is the best ever seen KeBen 4. Meanwhile the law and company around hetian righteousness to study the history of Ming dynasty Mongolia relevant achievements and defects, review the two town iii, history "of historical value. In the Ming dynasty for orthodox "hua yi bian" thought is of the two town iii, history of the text of production process of important factor. 【 keywords 】 the two town iii, history YinGeng/WengWanDa "/ A, library of congress had hidden the two town of history iii From April 1918 and 1919 July, the United States department of agriculture botanical experts ShiYongGao (Walter Swingle,shape ups shoes t. ShiYongGe ") and the "in China and Japan for the library of congress (hereinafter referred to as" congress ") search for a lot of books. In China, he ZhangYuanJi edition by specialist help, bibliography and collection of local chorography pp.25-26, including two ShengZhi, 87 species of mansion ambition, 324 kind of editing. According to the Library of Congress librarians in 1919 annual Report about of the Librarian "(about of the United States and of Superintendent of the more emphases, 1919. Hereinafter referred to as the" Report ") in the description of more than 400 kinds of Chronicles, there are many kind even in China was "has been very rare." two town iii, history "(hereinafter referred to as the" history ") is one of them. About Skechersthe value of history into Tibet and the origin of the congress, the report says very brief: In addition, local chorography ShiYongGao) (revised have also bought a lot of the revised geographic works even in China, many of which are already very rare, unknown repair of the Ming dynasty officials zuan two town three official history "is an example. The book is about China's northern border, and record the records of 20000yds are to 16 century of the Mongol and manchuria invasion. Perhaps because of the book, the book without the full tendency was listed in qianlong empire literature directory. (1) the report "so-called" qianlong empire literature directory (Ch 'ien the company Lung' s imperial catalogue) ", should refer to the imperial collecskechers shape ups

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tor by states have also. Primary one door, its special. Cloud: "do ZuoWei undoubtedly ancient prose of ministers, and its use of the word is true. And cloud: a fine way more than between learned, first to learn and then QingRen justice article can see also; First ripe "segment of wen and then to note the home in shuo wen jie zi can participate. And from the cloud: reading, not the new meanings, could work in the mind, and more than sufficient. Knock at the HuangYiZhou's possession, the study of clouds. These two episodes are respectively in Shanghai, nanjing visit HuangKan diary, zhang binglin, chapter, the yellow in the study of posterity and style of different accounts of colorful, and also said through its own interviews, the author dispshape upslayed simply in works, is also very worth pondering. And as for half a century hu shi diary, exactly in the author and during that time, the association has interrupted. In China, Shanghai time saying that ho's public school headmaster quit the short trip to Beijing, because the CangShiWu koga diary of records, that we may know exactly the time and his south return in Shanghai part content (and June 14, 27, 29 records), thus giving the vacancy. The description of the shi In addition, in the process of GuDou travelled to beiping with the southern city of custom description, although also always a few pen, but rather to reflect when local cultural and natural state. Three, visit books, books and school books. From the diary can see, the authoshape ups shoesr almost everyday during his trip to the books, books and school books, and is very hard-working record of books by eye. In eight months, the authors note down the diary of nearly 800 kind of books, make its diary itself has an important bibliography value. Here is the author of the eye, the national Palace Museum, library of beiping to contain the Oriental culture career committee, Finn floor, nanyang middle school, jiangnan traditional library, etc CangBen, also an important library ChenShiKe, FuZengXiang, like ZhangYuanJi, wu CangShuGu led Samson's treasures. Such private More in this period is the author who bought and please scroll many books, the latter because price the, or the CangShuGu good edition, and belonging to be borrowed copSkechersy, again ask a person at night by the author himself, collating work become the investigator author important reading method, often so busy to deep the more. These books then proceeds to Tokyo university institute for Japanese culture and become "an important part of the" CangShi libraries. Diary of cataloguing books in which in qing dynasty, especially in the ancient grand view, and this is for ocean Japanese scholar by western discipline theory training and realize the advanced nature of the qing dynasty, so relevant academic in Chinese scholars enamored of the era of song edition books, a large number of books as Japan scholars recently purchased object. As JiChuan luckily ~ before records: "during my study in the three years, two and a skechers shape ups

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i studies of the women (1997), the JinDui gentlemancarries the classic describing the meaning" sex (1995), "jin ping mei realistic understanding" (1996), "jin ping mei figure description technique research" (1997) and other papers. In comparative literature CuiRong contracts, has written to the influence of the classic hong Lou meng "(1992). In addition, the overseas students JinZai people there in fudan university in HuangLin under the guidance of professor write master thesis "on ZhangZhuPo for jin ping mei criticism" (1996), and published in Korea "jin ping mei" (" jin ping mei research "the 5th album, 1993) penny, has put" jin ping mei "in South Korea and spreading of the academic research introduced to overseas. As for other Chinese deshape upsnial of novel research is less, but also have a few articles. KangTai right JinShu research published the China "(" Chinese philology collection" the 7, 1995), CuiRong published "Chinese contracts with the denial of novel research overview of finishing the Chinese novel seminar newspaper article 25, 1996), and the third album PuTuan problem-solving" (the meat meat PuTuan "appendix, learn the ancient room, 1996). In short, China's denial of novel collected and studied, in South Korea is continuing developing, future will have more results. A, CangShiWu koga and China learning achievements CangShiWu koga (1897-1975) Mr. A is Japan's famous Chinese scientists, especially in the post-war to education and Chinese research, Chinese dictionary comSkecherspilation merit and become masters of modern Japan Chinese research. For modern Chinese education of his contribution to the development of Chinese studies in Japan an important impetus and tangible results, 1974 the asahi culture award was awarded Japan. But, the language tool often make people ignore its academic, intellectual history of significance. With the passage of orson Welles was, in Japan, YanBo through classic "the Chinese language dictionary (1963) although become YanBo bookstore with China, of course, but communication channels in hurried looking for the correspondence between the vocabulary righteousness, people have little attention to the editor of the name, let alone in this kind of CangShiWu accustomed to appreciate Chinesshape ups shoese traditional koga discard XunDou method and make Japan on Chinese learning the history of great thoughfare. In China, CangShiWu koga name besides appears in "the YanBo japanese-chinese dictionary (commercial press, 1986), but also outside Abraham known, as China's culture, its influence on the overseas communicators as introducing new knowers, seems to be established in the history of Chinese and foreign. But the Japanese education and Chinese studies Chinese in the development and expansion of the relations between the two countries, JiaoWangShi modern meaning, it is unavoidable. Understand and know CangShiWu koga the in the post-war rising China studies senior, its significance and value is self-evident. CangShiWu koga period three decadskechers shape ups

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ng in north Korea may be early, and spread very extensive, orthodox scholars often put it and "jin ping mei" that should ban mentioned together the Yin word novel. "The romance of the qing dynasty, a novel is the history of meet funny, a total of 12 back. "WuMeng rim" is very rare denial of novel, catalogue abstract of Chinese popular fictions; nor included, LuDeCai professor know Japanese with "the city library and the tail loose spring hall, put it all hid a photocopy come back, now PiaoZaiYuan professor collating publication by flow. (note: "WuMeng rim", Seoul, learn the ancient room, 1995. Appendix LuDeCai WuMeng margin for solving the "(October 1990, then collected in written Chinese denial of the novel is subjected to lee said guinnesSkecherssworldrecords 158 ~ 159 pages). According to LiMengSheng" Chinese denial of novel "(100 words Shanghai ancient books press, 1994) instructions," WuMeng rim "was banned after, renamed" romance ", but the mountain lee while listed the two books, whether didn't see directly the original book, or otherwise of reason, DaiKao.) The lamp of qing novels on margin for 槜 lee YanShui scattered, which formerly named "spring, a book of LiuTing ji, lamp make" at the garden magazine: "the light recorded on rim", "meat PuTuan", "unofficial", "wave history", "quick history", "mei history", "HeJian preach", "delusion" is PoZi preach, "visible the book shed poisonous endless YuKangXi years appears. The biography is probably HeJian LiuTing ji said the biographshape ups shoesy HeJian, when the mountain have the contact, but at present lee found no original book. "Make flowers for the novel of late Ming and early qing dynasty, a total of 12 times, gusu coagulation feeling and. As for the "love", have shimizu today ", "peach blossom shimizu", "three" before the shimizu, somehow refers to that one. In addition the Bian and Chai "is famous Yin word novel, and will not finish mountain lee listed in the" Yin talk about the work of blame said ", a book on west lake for drunken heart, book points master 4 volumes, each volume five back of a story, dramas, yue zhen ji, "feeling", the chivalrous remember feeling fierce remember ", "feeling strange ji, etc. Other such as "peach xing pictures", "contented feeling 100 interskechers shape upsest", "100 copy" and so on the work not used by various directory, DaiKao. In addition, the mountain in the small XuWen lee of the collection of the zen really escape, the zen really history of history ", "after the romance", "the history of firewood YingLie himin biography," such as part of seen in past dynasties surprise, denial of novels in the CongLve directory. Five, China YanQing novel on the influence of north Korean novels China's denial of novels such as "jin ping mei" inflows to north Korea, caused YanQing novel writing in the Korean LiXiangYi enthusiasm, in the study of comparative literature novel in his book "YanQing novels such as jin ping mei" penny these issues (note: LiXiangYi: the Korea of comparative literature in the novshape ups

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e haven't form a kind of consciousness, this according to materials from overseas and while most of scholars, namely that we introduced the weakness of this work. In fact, we not only did not pay much attention to the outside mainland research status, and to understand and introduce ourselves for almost a century research also lack summary, we don't even have a complete Chinese ancient literary research works, it is not directory should be. The Japanese scholar write in 100 years the Chinese literary thought research literature catalogue (ITO) and so on many kinds of directory you flat, Taiwan scholars also data have compiled the six dynasties literature research and literature catalogue (HongShunLong), time span since 1900, 1983, languagesskechers shape ups, mainly is the unity of Korea, Japanese, English. And we in addition to "wen-hsin-diao-long" research data ChaKe masturbation outside, other work near non-existence. We don't even understand very, and let alone understand others? This kind of research work to study the oversight is undoubtedly an academic shortsighted, it makes our research in longitudinal and transverse to the comparison of the situation and a clear understanding of its own blindness and even caught in a DaoXi for forward to wander for innovation, with made useless for diligence, and blank is still there. When Liang sun translation of the work ZhiNa poetics male tiger suzuki when history "there has ever been such a regrets: and since modern times of Japanese scholars classhape upssical Chinese literature and literary theory research, Chinese scholars compared their results is really quite ashamed. "Such as sons inherited fathers inherited a little heritage, even if be the mountain of waste, his original mangos already done that also should cultivate work tationally cutting, now this kind of work will help family, this where can not make the pen and increased my unlimited ashamed?" Zhou zuoren for WangJunYu translation aoki is "Chinese ancient literary thinking son for sequence of" also had a similar experience, call "now research studies by people still have to learn ZhiNa of the gentiles, and this is really the scholars to shame". This kind of mood understandably, however, to today's eye, ancient literary heritage shape ups shoesbelongs not only to China, also belong to the world, is the ancient Chinese of all mankind a valuable wealth. So, to today's Chinese scholars, on the one hand, we advocate for academic without borders, regardless of nationality, the researchers on why the Chinese ancient literary scientific research are worth commending the, the achievements of should be also lead for reference; On the other hand, as a Chinese scholar, we have more responsibility in their effort in this land, with others more sweat, also hope have greater gains. In practice, we should the Chinese ancient literary study international in absolute leading position, and understand abroad and port area of Chinese ancient literary study the history and present situation, it is usSkechers

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inBing mei ", look not mistakenly see or misspellings, but think it caused "bottle" is the source of "restaurant song screen". Whether there was so write version, or even though he said directly, but actually writing seen four didn't read "jin ping mei"? Later in the sleepwalking when lee south of wild talk of JinBing may also call ". Shen zinc (1776-1800) his "loose spring pen can also be tan" see "jin ping mei" and "meat PuTuan" records, such as: Daming figures float wave frivolous... Writing words, such as "jin ping mei", "the meat, but the book PuTuan" the technique. Her salacious (the loose fountain pen tan, volume 3) He works for the understanding of and above AnDingFu and same, it is thought that such a book is "the book," her salaciSkechersous should be banned. But in the LiGuiJing, its views cursory change, he intentionally put aside personal says extreme detest attitude, and positive discussion fiction writers, theme, and introduce rumours and anecdotes. LiGuiJing (1788 -?) Is learned much knowledge characters, his life no official, just in seclusion in writing several erupted. His "wuzhou YanWen long marker in scattered draft articles of three articles about novels, it is" well for the novel also have micro dialectical said "(volume four or five) and the novel dialectical said" (volume seven), and the shear lamp new words 47 dialectical said "(volume) etc, among which" comparison of dialectical said "novels were introduced in detail, such as China's major novels" -- ", "joshape upsurney to the west", "jin ping mei" and drama "xishuang ji" (note: when the north koreans "xishuang ji" as novel look, so he in this article mentioned again under the peach blossom fan, "a dream of red mansions", "hong Lou meng", "sequel shuihu volunteers", "the nations volunteers", "FengShenYanYi", "east travel", "liao zhai zhi yi" etc of drama and fiction works.) Etc. Here we see a introduced "jin ping mei", the article is as follows: "Jin ping mei", the world to think that all the king Yan state, also the expedient mystery also Yan state is there is, indeed, mostly for the foreplay and also. Wan ping WangChongJian "winter put JianJi" : nearly saw the light ChuShi culvert yongchuan "JingYuan small language", the cloud: "every strange extreskechers shape upsmely praise" jin ping mei "painting customs, handwriting, like shiji, there GuoEr why not direct reading shiji?" To have the disease, without the past. According to the ZaChao ", WangKao JinRenRui toward the holy sigh kangxi renewal jin ping mei "legend of jin's disorderly, borrow in qing dynasty, and the emergence GuoJiu such WangGuo of adultery to referring contemptuously Zhe death, sleep. And with death, at their slogan yue: "lotus seed heart pain." Refers to die even the son, center bitterness also. Still son yue: "regardless of the league." your For yue: "son namely from son bosom inside acid." The "from Sydney, also from father died with, namely internal ache also. Holy sigh of things by evil, which in many JinQing book history, transshape ups shoes

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um from the past dynasties poetry ", "the past dynasties poetry others" and "qing three part of poetry, and divided into series poetry, before and after two plait. Ed to about poetry before, according to writer for the outline surname stroke layout; Ed is points poetics, after generations poem comments, system and practice and theory, paper and the charactor, compiled the book, eight categories miscellanea, editor in ZiXu the meaning of a description: "but 101 kind of poetry and RongZa for a plait, make the material, respectively, have cases assorts; all the paper can be searched, can all progressive for ChaoXi; or have traveled, also plows but discernible; not only save the labor is also looks back on textual research." meritorious darfur shape ups shoesConsequently, "100 kinds of poetry LeiBian" primarily for literature research and compiles. In 1978, Taiwan written press 8 volumes this 11 book "Chinese literary criticism material assembly". The book reap material, plays the han qing dynasty, in addition, 30,000-40,000 hand-copied books cost theory monographs such as "wen-hsin-diao-long", the presentation of ourselves and future generations, poetry, and music words wait not to receive outside, more important scattered all in them. Text 8 volumes as follows: 1, the han dynasties literature criticism material assembly; 2, the sui tan literary criticism material assembly; 3, northern song dynasty literary criticism material assembly; 4, southern literary criticism material assembly; 5, jin lSkechersiterature criticism material assembly; 6 and the yuan dynasty literary criticism material assembly (fluctuation); 7, Ming dynasty literary criticism material assembly (fluctuation); 8, qing dynasty literary criticism material assembly (fluctuation). Each volume of Syracuse is divided again "theory of" and "material assembly" two parts, the former summary this period literary criticism characteristics, schools and their accomplishment; The latter according to age to punctuation, successively will literature arrangement. The two data sets for the programming, the ancient literary study in Taiwan, development and deepening is undoubtedly helpful. Its editorial Angle and the style, and also have quite new in terms of scale, the reality is walkishape upsng in mainland China scholars before. In writing, critical history for several major results through. If the ZhuRongZhi han literature theory research ", and the LiaoWeiQing six dynasties ZhangRenQing ", "literary history of jin and southern and northern dynasties literature" zhang jian and jin four literary criticism research ". ZhuZhu emphasis on discussing the background, han literary theory in WenLunGu and theoretical positions, the critical history status, but beginning 4-storey chapter discusses Confucius, mencius, xunzi, mo zi, laozi, zhuangzi, han fei literature, etc. LiaoZhu basic content for the six dynasties LunLie, points of comprehensive literary virtue, introduction, qualitative, tong wen change, WenQi, thinking, character andskechers shape ups

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relevant works published over 20 kinds, the late 1990s also have several. Particularly worth commend is HuangWen introduces many research in Chinese ancient literary theory, the doctoral dissertation HuangWen this is one of the characteristics. Some of which are completed in the 1980s before but Eva wade directory not income, such as gibbs wenxindiaolong "< > literary theory" (1970), ixted), J.T.W wicks (the YuanHaoWen's literary criticism "(1976), fisk ()" W.C.F isk Chinese medieval theory and modern western literary theory in the form that reference theme: imitate, with metaphors and buy prospects, "(1976), Samuel bodman (R.W.B odman) of" Chinese medieval early poetics and poem law: empty < wen > translation theory of BiFu lens tomographshape upsic "(1978), etc. HuangWen introduced from the situation, after 1980s in Chinese ancient literary theory of western scholars to diversification, longitudinal study further deepening development, no matter in translation or aspects of the theoretical research all again many spectacular results. If bush (S.B ush) and MuErKe (C.M urck) eds. Proceedings of the Chinese theory of art (1983), Owen (S.O wen) of the world traditional Chinese poetry and signs: poetics (1985), "fan floor: poetry and desire of the maze (1989) and" Chinese literary thought reader (1992), and the LiuReYu Chinese • paradox • poetics: China perspective "(1988), etc. In addition, a large number of related doctoral dissertation. Throughout the western scholars, the Chinese anSkecherscient literary study, can see the following characteristics: First, relative to Japan, Korea, Europe and America for scholars' research scholars on the Chinese ancient literary study startting evening, this is obvious. Starting from the study: look, there are a phenomenon so intriguing, namely in the early years of the study, Japanese and Korean scholars interest is focused on the "wen-hsin-diao-long", and euramerican scholars had chosen as the ", "blue waves of poetry without words, we easily to delve into the causes of this phenomenon will boil down to the spread of the language barrier, and even some contingency approaches factors, but consider up, the problem seems not so simple. South Korea scholars choice, I'm afraid is based more on shape ups shoesa time-honored culture origin, this kind of common cultural origin of Chinese traditional literature that their ideas have a natural identity, thus "wen-hsin-diao-long" TiDaSiJing, depending on its QunYan and become their research over the first object. Mentioned above, the person such as six lang wave, the 1920s, early actually, six brown and JiChuan luckily wave ~ teacher suzuki tiger male has started to "wen-hsin-diao-long" teaching and research, paper wrote the dunhuang heart carved dragon collating remember "and" heart HuangShuLin this paper carving dragon collating record ", etc. Because, from suzuki tiger male to wave of six lang efforts, "wen-hsin-diao-long" just as Japan research in Chinese ancient literary theory is an important lskechers shape ups

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rprises, and the overall quality of large enterprises poor compared with significant gaps. In small and medium-sized enterprise's lack of collective leadership, some just enterprise competent calculate, accounting personnel if not according to the enterprise competent instruction work, will be "fired", so the quality of enterprise is in charge of the accounting work will also affect the quality is good. 3, imperfect system, internal led system is poor, causing the accounting information quality mbt shoes clearanceis low. Small and medium-sized enterprises themselves rarely develop regulations, are generally so is copied them also. Some also according to leadership intention management, make accounting personnel to fail to act, only in accounting regulations of experience and intuitionistic judgment, pat head is hard work, deviation avoided. Accounting statements system also exists malpractices. Accounting statements is not standard, statements, the project not all kinds of accounting data is incomplete, shape upsnot all cram piece, even at digital, causing serious distortion of accounting information. The existence of hereinbefore against countries completely macro management, also was disadvantageous to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. How to make small and medium-sized enterprise accounting work standardization? Consult a financial settlement around the experience of organ center, the author thinks that relevant departments should set up a special management smes financial unit, shape ups shoesunified leadership and decentralized administration. Planned and systematically carry forward small and medium-sized enterprise accounting gradually realize standardization, of substandard enterprise deadline is rectified, qualified do not check regularly. One is to strengthen the small and medium-sized enterprise external supervision, give full play to audit firm certified public accountants, the role of agencies, deploy personnel check-over national finance, tax, accounting regulations implemembt shoes ukntation. The tax department should serious tax discipline, strengthen tax supervision, improving the collection and management level. Tax officials want serious verify sme incomes, expenses and profit, make the tax laws to JianZhaQuan, eminent domain, BuShui penalty and penalty fine for delaying payment, ensure right effective normal economic order, safeguarding the interests of the state, we should make a thorough enterprise interior, help enterprises to standardize the accounting practice and mbtimprove management. 2 it is external supervision in strengthening the at the same time, establish and perfect the small and medium-sized enterprise internal control system, and strengthen internal supervision. Clear authority, establish post responsibility system, be helpful for accounting work procedure, standardization, will help to implement the responsibility, improve the efficiency and quality. To strengthen the supervision and control of accounting voucher, untrue, illegal vouchers will noskechers shape ups

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a made-up, confirmed in accordance with existing intangible assets accounting regulation includes only happen when registered the registration fee, hire lawyers spending, and the research and development of the current profits and losses, and expenses to the organic processing by expenses. The processing results can lead to enterprise self-established intangible as-sets all value cannot be reflected, and even cause knowledge product cost measurement for investors use serious distortion, the infoshape ups shoesrmation provided making the investment decision is very adverse. Therefore, the enterprise ought to be self-established intangible as-sets as research and development spending the capitalization. ?? Because research cost and new products or new craft production or use and brings to the enterprise benefit of certainty poorer, should happen in costs shall be recognized as expenses, the current profits and losses, and credited directly in the future accounting period also uncertain think assets. Fombt shoes clearancer research activities - preliminary intellectual achievements, take expenses processs; Due to development projects is directly into productivity, and should take the capitalization processing method. For example, on some along with fixed assets of hardware system software system together investment (such as computer software system) may consider and fixed assets hardware systems merge in "fixed assets" course business accounting. ?? 2, to have the exact use fixed number of year of intangible assmbtets, such as patents, proprietary technology, using accelerating the sum-of-years amortization method amortization method. No exact fixed number of year for the non-patented technology, can not be amortized, in order to this kind of intangible assets value compensation, may establish the "intangible assets information system" standard intangible assets management and measuring intangible assets value. The intangible assets of infinite life, such as goodwill, it should not be amortized. Goodwill mbt shoes ukcan in many ways, the role that distinguishs in all aspects of the role weight, to this kind of intangible assets shall be by regular assessment method, regular adjustment book value. ?? Four, intangible assets disclosure ?? For the average intangible asset, and enterprise accounting principles require disclosure of the relevant information: all kinds of intangible assets, intangible assets amortize fixed number of year; "All kinds of intangible assets of the current period and final book balancskechers shape upse, changes and reasons of intangible assets; current confirmation of land use right for impairment., except in line with the above provisions shall also be disclosed the disclosure of the right to use the land acquisition modes and acquisition cost. But in the current financial statements, balance sheet lists only intangible assets for a project, reflect the intangible assets amortized value, in cash flow statement set up a" only disposal of fixed assets, intangible assets and other long-term asshape ups

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g to the information space of decision-making was also limited, so they are fundamentally lost to accounting information and audit service requirement. In addition, our country to be listed in state-owned enterprises as the main body restructuring, overall, bad results in big shareholders or the controlling shareholders in fact become internal company to control people's case, they don't need through high quality independent audit services that enterprise true financial information, but want to mbtchange with the independent audit work results "please" in government regulation institutions, thus make listing qualifications, improve the issuance price, obtain matchs qualification, etc. 2, the social public lack of high quality independent audit service needs. From the capital markets, they see the individual investors on audit services also exist demand, this is largely attributed to the Chinese capital market and highly speculative investors personal not very mature. In China, for the ipombt shoes clearance by "line management, long-term plan", control of the listed credits become a scarce resource, to adopt and non-market ipo pricing method, make the primary market is far greater than supply demand of securities, so the largest public shareholders who is too concerned about the company. The audit In the secondary market, the purpose of social public shareholders investment is through share price fluctuations obtain short-term interests, therefore, they can lead to share price volatility for the ambt shoes ukttention of dope to far outweigh the independent audit services through high quality that the attention of the financial information. (2) independent audit supply the status quo. China's accounting firm has finished decoupling restructuring, for independence from formally provided great possibilities, but in fact still exist "Ming off" took off dark violations. At present, the organizational independence from China measure, the accounting firm independent and just be in form of independent stateshape ups materially fails. Specific displays in: after the restructuring of the certified public accountants Co., because of its capital accumulation, resist risk ability is poor, cause its and the former linked units have certain dependent relationship; Linked units also use this kind of relations will it as revenue source, firms have lost linked units and lest reduce customer source. This kind of Ming off relationship off dark often form earmarking, beyond doubt, the accounting firm organization relatshape ups shoesionship is not independent, at best can become affiliated industry or regional department that a control agencies. (3) the imbalance between our audit market supply and demand for the influence of auditor independence. Audit market supply "vicious competition" and market of high independent audit services home-textile lack of demand, enable our audit supply and demand deformity. This deformity may supply and demand is the most direct the audit is more adhere to the consequences of the independenskechers shape ups

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When the form of price to pay in cash, the accounting treatment is purchase method has been universal practice. And when consideration is stud-ied equity, rights supporters would think, this kind of circumstance merger embodies a kind of equity joint, "does not bring the owner's equity merger and changes of assets and liabilities control also did not change, and profitable activities also did not suspended. Merge to in order to achieve the future business strategy alliance." And therefore, mergembt shoes ukr shall be deemed entity of transactions between the owners. "The owner the risks, sharing revenue, of the combining enterprises as before the merger is a enterprise", all of the merging parties to book value assets and liabilities are incurred. By contrast, the core view purchase method is: enterprise merger is a merger with the entity itself in the trade closely linked. From the main and square enterprise perspective, similar to shareholders of enterprise merger of an additional investment: Loshape upsrd and party for the exchange by issuing stock enterprise, get another entity conditions (was) party. The net assets and From being and square perspective, merger means giving up their share of the original enterprise to obtain after the merger of enterprises survive interests. The whole campaign is a business. The seller after the trade - which is usually the gains and the seller exchange merger premium, the equity normally come out better than exchange of liquidity, more likely to be market acshape ups shoesceptance. With the characteristics of the transaction is consistent. Therefore, the whole merger accounting basis in the market should be and enterprises such as the purchase of assets accounting basis, i.e. use consistent fair value accounting. It is this essential knowledge to merge the two methods in difference determines confirmed based on the scope and measurement are very different. 2, the confirmation on the range. By and by the value of a business usually square the following parts: (1) skechers shape upsthe net book value. (2), except goodwills fair value and net assets because the difference between the book value of the reason such as rising prices (to be) usually. (3) by and square, and to be achieving goodwill with the Lord and party and party after merger goodwill - merger produced usually derived from synergies - potential. (4) other because they do not meet the conditions of accounting assets without credit. When buying method, the assets of enterprises to obtain merger (except the goodwmbtill) and liabilities in accordance with the acquisition should respectively, when the fair value of the acquisition cost more than share in the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities when the difference after confirmation, exceed a part to goodwill. Of course, if the goodwill is defined as the enterprises to obtain excess profit level, purchase cost and ability to the difference between the fair value of the identifiable net assets is not all, may also include a reputation as a fombt shoes clearance

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information, customer demand information. Therefore, we must explore new ways to make up the insufficiency. Borrowing attributes (4) on traditional financial report by the influence of financial reports, financial statements and schedule, note composition, including regular reports and significant issues report. Financial statements provide can use monetary measurement of business information, it is the core of the financial report; Schedule, note provide statements of non-monetary information mbt shoes ukand outside of non-monetary information, they are important supplement of the financial statements. In the knowledge economic society, the financial report in which human resources, environmental protection information importance increasing quickly, not previously important information or cost benefit principle constraint cannot disclose information, it must be full, timely disclosure. Thus, traditional financial report all the structure and content of the need for big change. 2 a knowledge econshape ups shoesomy accounting innovation and development (1) in the enterprise assets, knowledge-based patent, trademark, goodwill, computer software, talent introduction and development greatly increased the proportion, and dominant. The establishment of the position of intellectual property rights, the original accounting equation: "asset = liabilities + owner's equity", can be extended for: "knowledge assets + human assets (hr) + tangible assets = liabilities + owner's equity (containing intellectual propermbt shoes clearancety owners, etc.). This formula shows that in the accounting and management system inside, knowledge and talents has become an enterprise's important economic resources, shall be regarded as the most important special asset value accounting and control, knowledge workers not only get their value compensation, will also participate in surplus value to confer ownership allocation. (2) full consideration of knowledge economy on the effects of basic accounting assumptions, allowing an accounting entiskechers shape upsty diversification; Allow accounting periodicity lot, changeable, making accounting information system can be more timely, the more detailed accounting information to provide the changeable, satisfy the different requirements of accounting information user. (3) in insisting that historical cost in the accrual principle at the same time, an accounting entity must according to the actual needs of valuation methods adopted, part business accounting enterprise asset value, and the principle and expeshape upsnditure prepare cash flow information, paying attention to the use of cash flow information analysis enterprise operation performance. (4) accounting management innovation. For example: knowledge products quickly update causing production cycle significantly shortened, depreciation method must use a variety of methods; Implement accounting management become inevitable. Because the knowledge economy era is an important characteristic is "quick". That is the essence of "speed" reduces the time cosmbt

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workload (or output) method. If conforming to relevant regulations, accelerated depreciation method may be adopted." This is caused by different perspective of accounting accounting policies, accounting policy macro produced two reasons to accounting information quality has the following effect: 1, interests sharing. Enterprise financial accounting should to include government, the existing shareholders, potential shareholder, creditor, suppliers, employees and other related parties full disclombt shoes clearancesure the interests of the accounting information, and these stakeholder and enterprise between each other have respective independent interests, and interests are different, especially the interests of government and enterprises, and therefore more low correlation accounting standard setting bodies in order to guarantee their maximum utility function, must balance between various interest groups, alleviate the interests of various interest groups on standard setting bodies and a boycott of the pmbtressure, the standards formulated by the relevant parties, system soon receive. Obviously eased gaap in some economic transactions accounting treatment of the choice space, is to realize this aim, one of the effective ways. 2, the enterprise accounting practice the diversity and complexity. Due to the enterprise's circumstances differ in thousands ways, enterprise's economic condition, business scale each are not identical, in order to make the enterprise accounting information disclosure to thembt shoes uk specific from its business environment and business situation, the most appropriate reflect the enterprise's financial position, operating results and cash flow conditions, criterion, system is necessary to leave some flexibility in the unity of the space, namely also need flexibility, and allow enterprise on economic transaction and operational matters when accounting treatment in different specific principles and a variety of accounting treatment select between. Three, accounting measurement shape upsand report of subjectivity. Accounting measurement and reporting process is people subjective expectations by money value as the means, use some specific special methods of accounting object, to reflect, to provide relevant accounting information process. Therefore, accounting process must extent people's subjective judgment doping, for this performance people on the same economic transaction and operational matters may will have different view, thus produce different accounting, and put forwardshape ups shoes different views of the accounting treatment ideas, but also produced accounting policy. Three, rational choice accounting policy, improve the quality of accounting information (a) to determine in the accounting standards of accounting policy can select space Enterprise developing accounting policy space must define the scope of state in an accepted accounting criterion and accounting system of optional accounting policy to determine within. National laws and regulations as the SSC accounting enskechers shape ups

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res for stock market participants are provided to avoid the risk of stock market system hedging method. If a stock investors for future market trends in feel is hard to control, in order to prevent the risk of falling stock, can sell stock index futures contracts, so, once the stockmarket, investors can profit from futures trading; If investors ready to buy part in the near future, but money is in stock, in order to prevent short rise, investors can stock bought in the futures market stock indexmbt shoes clearance futures contract. So, once the share price rises, investors can profit from futures trading, market for which the funds to pay rise. Secondly, stock index futures can also be used to arbitrage and speculation. In stock index futures trading, typically require delivery 5% ~ 10% margin to operate, i.e., futures traders can control a few times in the amount of investment contract assets, with strong leveraged in stock in the spot market, compared with a "more on speculation the advantage of cardiashape ups shoesc big" small, thus the favour of by speculators. Of course, in earnings could double amplification while, investors are riskier also increases. Second, China's capital market introduction the necessity of stock-index futures 1, can help investors avoid the risk of securities market. According to western stock portfolio theory, short-selling, and bought the coexist can make a mechanism of the variance of stock portfolios for zero (usually use variance says risk), achieve namely the theory the purshape upspose of hedging risks. But the Chinese stock market, as shorting mechanism does not exist, through the above strategies of the target unable to realize hedging risks. If introducing shorting mechanism, will involve "securities" and credit transactions, and a series of problems is not easy to control the risk. Therefore, can convert thoughts by introducing index futures, on the futures market and stock market to avoid reverse dollar-for-dollar operation purpose of systemic risk. Meanwhile, again mbtthrough under bought stock investment mechanism of decentralization exclude the systemic risk adequately, two kinds of operations division and cooperation, can achieve the purpose of reducing overall risk. 2, the futures of speculators, it provides a profitable way again. If they existed, to predict accurately in the stock market will profit space than many times. Due to the nature of stock index futures deposit system. But the launch of stock-index futures would not appear to make financial marmbt shoes ukket speculative excess of chaos. 3 and the value of stock index futures can improve the function of stock market found effective. According to the efficient market hypothesis, in strong type of effective market, stock prices to reflect all information is. And now, at most of China's stock market is in from the weak type to strong type of effective market shift among. In our country, because institutions and retail information asymmetry, the stock market by the future trajectory of the informatioskechers shape ups

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of managers' supervision, to help promote the enterprise value. The shareholders' rights protection of poor countries, equity concentration enterprise value ascension caused by the shareholder's rights legal protection effect to alternative effect is. Our country is shareholders' rights protection one of the countries lack, and therefore equity concentration can replace the shareholders' rights protection insufficiency, help improve enterprise value. At present, China's legal system are still nombt shoes ukt perfect, the author thinks that high concentration of ownership structure can adapt to China's family holding listed companies, to improve the present situation of the development of the company's performance. Chairman of the board of directors or general manager is due to shareholder directly represent or controlling shareholders himself, operator's benefit and the interests of the shareholders, and both highly consistent pursuit of the same goals, operator's pursuit of their own interests cashape ups shoesn pass company promoted the value be reflected commonly, therefore, operators will not choose to harm the interests of the company's behavior. Operators and shareholder's targets, reduce the operators and shareholders to shield, help the corporate value of ascension. ? Pollution? Three, management incentive, company performance of the influence on the quality of accounting information disclosure ? Pollution? Information disclosure into force disclosure and voluntary disclosure. Mandatory disclosmbt shoes clearanceure refers to the requirements in accordance with the CSRC information disclosure, this is listed companies must execute; Voluntary disclosure by listed companies is in accordance with their favor of information disclosure. The author thinks that, effective management incentive to improve the company's performance, general performance good company also has the voluntary disclosure of motives. Performance good companies often hope to pass through social good information, to strengthen the investoshape upsrs and stakeholders confidence in themselves, improve the outside world to their trust. Although improved performance also can bring tax or other spending increases, but from a long-term perspective, good information transfer can benefits will far outweigh its disclosure of cost. The company is opposite the performance difference, in order not to let the outside world to get to know their real situation, often can conceal the accounting information, and even false disclosure. Visible, the performbtmance of companies with conditions affect the quality of information disclosure. ? Pollution? Four, conclusion ? Pollution? Overall, the author analyzed the conclusion: the capital market in our country at present is not play the effective premise, high concentration of ownership structure can promote family-run improved performance of listed companies, to enhance the quality of information disclosure. Therefore, not blindly the diversification of fastening on equity structure, copy modern compaskechers shape ups

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terprise property and resources integrity. Perfect the internal accounting control can scientifically and effectively supervision and restraint assets of procurement, measuring, checking and so on each link, ensure the safety of assets are complete, effective corrective losses waste phenomenon occurs. 5 and promote enterprise's effective operation. Perfect effective internal accounting control of the enterprise, such as production, marketing, finance department and working together, give full plmbt shoes ukay to the role of whole enterprise, with reached smoothly the business objectives. Second, our country enterprise internal control in the construction of the existing problems 1, weak awareness of internal control in enterprises Now, whether state-owned, collective enterprise, or private enterprises of internal control consciousness are good enough, according to the survey showed many enterprises in the controller still don't know what is the internal control, a worker know enterprise internal cmbt shoes clearanceontrol is less.. 2, the enterprise internal control system is not perfected The specific performance in three aspects: one is currently has quite part of the enterprise did not establish an internal control system; The second is the enterprise internal financial system instead of enterprise internal control system; Three is the internal control system construction lags behind the demands of The Times. The current economic globalization, e-commerce has rapidly and Internet rapid development, accoshape upsunting computerization has gained popularity that require the enterprise internal establish adapt to the new situation of internal control system. 3, inadequate enforcement internal control system of enterprise The enterprise internal control system focuses on execution, but some enterprise internal control system is to meet financial, auditing departments of check, make internal control system become a mere formality, lose their rigid and seriousness, make the enterprise internal management is shape ups shoesstill out of control. 4, enterprise accounting ZeQuan control not perfect At present, many enterprises in accounting ZeQuan control not perfect, mainly displays in: at present a lot of enterprise financial and accounting department is the reconsideration office, or no xingjing; Many enterprise accounting personnel have often confined to already happened to the economic business accounting, reporting and participate in the administration of consciousness, accounting supervision function get comprmbtehensive play; Is ZeQuanLi wrong, etc. Rights, obligations and responsibilities equivalence is one of basic principles of ZeQuan control. 5, the enterprise internal audit does not reach the designated position Internal audit as one component of internal control, it is the enterprise to improve management, improve the economic benefit of ego needs. But throughout our country enterprise internal audit, discover not hard, enterprise's internal audit and failing to fulfill its due function. Three, pskechers shape ups

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sibility audit problems 1.1, inadequate understanding, ZouXingShi, ZouGuoChang prompted audit work At present, the internal some leadership to outgoing economical responsibility audit work know enough task is correct, ZouXingShi issued audit for ZouGuoChang for audit quality and, typically, blindly pursuing speed, even for assets and liabilities distinguish not clear, lack of financial expertise, think no economic problems leading cadres enticingly, ignore the effective use of the audit results skechers shape upsand reduce the departure of economical responsibility audit efficiency. In addition, individual audit institutions responsible for the outgoing economical responsibility audit work attitude, there also exist great problems. That was concocted auditors are leading cadres, their relocation and promotion organizations have intention or just new jobs, and I dare not _and against. What's more, but looking to impress, peremptory forget your outgoing leader's place, really did GuanGuanXiangHu. Papers ambt shoes clearancell-rounders so auditors, the content of the auditing reports issued by the dishonesty phenomenon exists generally, audit just to cope with the job, rather than to achieve economic responsibility audit office with the purpose. 1.2 lag and was not widespread problems After careful, responsible 1.2.1 first selection of masses lose faith cadre worked For now, economic responsibility audit is outgoing, but a afterwards audit the internal audit in the later during the process of implementing, there almbt shoes ukso exist evils, have certain hysteresis. When the internal personnel system reform or carry out only after marketer of cadre of leading cadres for economic responsibility audit, this office will not only appear people often say with two skins of pre-audit phenomenon, and seriously affect the personnel department of work among the masses selection cadres prestige. For example, new leaders by the audit found its term cadres have economic issues, and so on, during that personnel work of masses loseshape ups faith in a certain extent, hit the crowd enthusiasm. 1.2.2 departure economical responsibility audit work not popularized, find out problems difficult to implement In addition, outgoing economical responsibility audit work in university internal nor popularization, the job is not leading cadres for each unit leadership development, that will decide what is careful what cadres, and of course the populace reflects strong leadership except. Part of the problem to detect successor holding it has Lishape ups shoesRenZhe attitude, while the problem to former, so LiRenZhe and former leadership bitching, give each other between outgoing economical responsibility audit work brought the difficulty, the question hard to come by. 130 operation method still press traditional financial revenues and expenditures of audit mode At present, some university internal departure of economical responsibility audit of financial revenues and operating still according to audit mode by thinking inertia, the auditor of global mbt

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